Explore the complement system in immunology, including What are functions of complement?, C3 protein, opsonization, inflammation, MAC, and immune defense mechanisms. Introduction An integral component of the body’s innate (natural) immune system is the complement system. It is made up of about thirty membrane-bound and plasma-bound proteins that are inactive and circulate in bodily fluids … Read more
Learn what are the properties of cytokines and chemokines are with simple explanations, day-to-day examples, and their role in immune cell communication and inflammation. Introduction Imagine your neighborhood in flames. Within seconds someone calls the fire department, police are directing traffic, ambulances are arriving to rescue the injured, and volunteers are leading people to safety. … Read more
Learn what are cytokine-related diseases are, how abnormal cytokine signaling affects the immune system, common examples, causes, and their role in inflammation and immunity. Introduction Imagine your home’s fire alarm system. When there is a small amount of smoke, the alarm alerts everyone so they can quickly put out the fire. But if the alarm … Read more