Learn what are the properties of cytokines and chemokines are with simple explanations, day-to-day examples, and their role in immune cell communication and inflammation. Introduction Imagine your neighborhood in flames. Within seconds someone calls the fire department, police are directing traffic, ambulances are arriving to rescue the injured, and volunteers are leading people to safety. … Read more
Learn what are chemokines and cytokines are, their types, functions, signaling mechanisms, receptors, and roles in immune response, inflammation, disease, and therapy. Introduction Suppose you slice your finger while cutting vegetables. Within a few minutes the injured area will turn slightly red and swollen, and your body will soon be repairing the wound without you even thinking about it. This incredible process is regulated by your immune system, like a city’s emergency response system. A fire emergency is when someone raises the alarm, the emergency responders get instructions, and the firefighters rush to the exact location. In much the same way the immune system relies on efficient communication among its cells. Small signaling proteins known as cytokines and chemokines mediate this communication. When bacteria, viruses, fungi, or damaged cells are found, immune cells release cytokines, chemical messengers that alert, activate, and coordinate other immune cells. When bacteria, viruses, fungi, or damaged cells are recognized, immune cells release cytokines, which operate as chemical messengers that warn, activate, and coordinate other immune cells. … Read more